The scientifically revealed features of the Mars planet: as a result of its geological past, meteorological properties and potential water abundance the best candidate for a possible abode of extraterrestrial life. Therefore, there is a need for a scientific mission that reveals the possibility of living on the planet Mars in the past or in the present. The Mars astrobiological discovery should therefore follow a dual goal. Explore the surface formations of Mars and their geochemical composition with remote sensing devices. Also select rock samples. Possibly return to Earth.
The research of Martian life requires the exploration of a wide range of integrated planetary processes. We need to identify those places on the planet where circumstances are the most ideal for life's development. Where it is most likely that life has appeared in the past or in the present. Within this process, the geological and geophysical evolution of Mars should be explored. The history of volatile substances and the climate, as well as the characteristics of the surface and the groundwater environment should be examined.
The geographic and temporal distribution of liquid water should be explored. The geographic and temporal distribution of liquid water and the existence of other resources needed for life, such as energy, should be explored. We need to identify the areas where liquid water was present. It is necessary to analyze micro and macro material of sediments and other materials. Identify the organic molecules on the planet and explore the historical process of the formation of minerals. We must explore the geochemical characteristics of the planet, the specific mineral compositions and the life-style redox reactions. The ultimate goal of exploring the planet's entire astrobiological potential is to bring the collected material back to Earth so scientists can research for more advanced methods.
To achieve the goals, a Mars rover must be delivered to Mars. This should be built so that it can rove 20 kilometers with over its nominal 500 nominal lifetime. The rover must be equipped with a mast-based remote sensing instrument and an arm-based in-situ measurement capability. The ability to deposit collected rock samples in protective packaging must be ensured. Added as a primary as a contingency pairing in sample caches. These caches must be picked up by a later mission in a rising vehicle to return to Earth.
To identify the potential locations of Marsi life and to find evidence of life, the instruments of rover must have the following properties. It must be capable of collecting the rock samples in the proper state, without serious injuries, destroying, and returning them to the Earth in appropriate protective packaging. There is a need for an appropriate outdoor camera system that selects and identifies the required pattern of rock in the field environment. There is a need for electronic imaging devices that determine the texture of rocks and soil. There is a need for devices that detect mineral and organic compounds to find signs of life. There is a need for devices that measure the bulk concentration of the main chemical elements of the surfaces.
The creators of the mission designed only hard, arm-based tools by the rover to target the measuring instruments. So I suggest using new technologies to design and use soft and flexible tools to better test hard-to-reach areas. Such is a cliff, or the underground water streams on the planet. New technologies that can be used include flexible, soft robotics. The science of flexible robotics wants to build future robots from soft and flexible materials to make it easier to adapt to unpredictable environmental conditions than hard robots. That are absolutely interesting robot tools have been designed with this method. Small, polyp-shaped robots are also designed, which are able to climb through smaller slots with their flexible movement.
Robots are also designed that can swim and move in the water like a fish. These robots can penetrate into the lower gaps of the surface of the planet to be able to thoroughly examine the inside of cliff or the inside of underground water streams with cameras and sensors attached to them. Flexible robotics in the future may probably be combined with so-called 4D printing. The science of 4D printing want add the time to three spatial dimensions of 3D printing. This is done by printing third-dimensional objects from soft materials that are able to change their shape in time to external influences such as contact with heat or water. If we could build robots that are not only flexibile, but able to change their shape, they would be able to solve new tasks in the underground water streams of Mars.
It should be noted that not only large and difficult to move cameras and sensors exist. There is also a so-called endoscopic camera, consisting of a long cable that connects to the computer and a small camera mounted at the end. It is designed specifically for test of difficult access areas. I think such a device can be used to test of difficult acces area on Mars. To develop remote sensing, it would be necessary to use nature solutions. Certain animal species use solutions in the field of aerial or aquatic remote sensing, which can be used by technical sciences as well. I would like to describe two examples. The cockchafer beetle's head antennas can detect nectar and other plant foods by the air which contact with its antennas, and even an underground mushroom presence can detect with these. Scientific use of such a solution can help to find organic materials on Mars. Spiny lobster can detect odors underneath the water with its special antennas, which can help underwater remote sensing realize on Mars.
Works Cited
Raymond E. Arvidson, Lisa May: Planetary Science Decadal Survey Mars 2018 MAX-C Caching Rover http://www.nap.edu/…/App%20G%2007_Mars-Astrobiology-Explore…
Giada Gerboni: The incredible potential of flexible, soft robots https://www.ted.com/…/giada_gerboni_the_incredible_potentia…
Four-dimensional printing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_printing
Cheap USB Borescope Endoscope Camera Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee7Pr4XsDGw
Underwater sensors detect odors https://asknature.org/str…/underwater-sensors-detect-odors/…
Fan-like antennae aid sensing https://asknature.org/strat…/fan-like-antennae-aid-sensing/…
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